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	<title>Comments on: Hallward on Deleuze</title>
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		<title>By: Paul</title>
		<link>http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567&#038;cpage=1#comment-49593</link>
		<dc:creator>Paul</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Apr 2010 19:54:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567#comment-49593</guid>
		<description>Hi. Good text. I disagree on one thing though. I&#039;m not going to say anything about Hallward&#039;s book, not directly, since I haven&#039;t read it. Nor am I willing to discuss your lecture of Deleuze. Rather, I notice a problem that is internal to your own treatment of the book, namely the way you describe Hallward&#039;s method.

I quote you directly, to keep it clear:

&quot;In a certain sense, Hallward takes Deleuze’s own methodology and turns it against him. [...] A creation of new concepts means that we see the world in a new way, one that wasn’t available to us before. This is what Deleuze looks for in the history of philosophy, and this is why (and how) he is concerned, not with what a given text “really” means, but rather with what can be done with it, how it can be used, what other problems and other texts it can be brought into conjunction with. Deleuze writes about philosophers whose ideas he can use, or transform, in order to work through the problems he is interested in.
 [...] 
Hallward brilliantly systematizes Deleuze, extracts a consistency (as Deleuze says a reading of a thinker aways should) from Deleuze’s words and ideas, and shows us what new concepts Deleuze created. But whereas Deleuze takes up this approach in order to make past philosophers useful, and to shed light on Deleuze’s own problems, Hallward does it in order to render Deleuze useless, to deny that Deleuze is at all relevant to discussions of materiality, of subjectivity, of affectivity, and of political change, to dismiss Deleuze’s importance for any of the problems Hallward himself is interested in.
[...]
Hallward works by means of omission and selection, reducing Deleuze to just one aspect of his thought, and acting as if the rest didn’t exist at all. Again, I stress that this is Deleuze’s own method of proceeding; the question is not one of representing Deleuze “accurately,” but of the ends to which Hallward’s selective transformation of Deleuze is put. Hallward seeks to present Deleuze as entirely a philosopher of the virtual, one who seeks merely to escape and to destroy the actual.&quot;

Ok, a lengthy citation, but of your own text, so it should be clear without intensive reading, to you at least, what I&#039;m talking about. The point is, that you say: 1. Hallward uses Deleuze&#039;s method of reading philosophers to Deleuze;2. Deleuze&#039;s method is to, regardless of what the read philosophers might have originally thought,  draw from their texts some concepts that were interesting for him and reproduce them as philosophers of these concepts; 3. but Hallward uses this method in order to say why Deleuze isn&#039;t interesting at all.

What we&#039;re talking about here are the methods of interpreting, representing and reading other people&#039;s texts. The method in use here we can call &quot;inspired interpretation&quot;, by which I mean that the interpreter doesn&#039;t aim to give us a &quot;correct reading&quot; of the author he reads, nor is he telling us anything about the author, but rather drawing inspiration from the author&#039;s work, writing then about what he has understood by using this author.  

I agree that this is a valid method. One can make an one-sided and &quot;incorrect&quot; interpretation of someone, in condition that one doesn&#039;t claim it to be a fidel reading of the author&#039;s thoughts and that he doesn&#039;t claim the ideas he presents to be those of the author he reads, but rather his own inspired version of this thought, as if the author was his mental guide and he had found new thought with his aid. So that Deleuze doesn&#039;t claim to repeat the philosophy of Kant or Nietzsche, but to create a philosophical thinking in their names. It is of huge importance that the reading must always be a positive one. It is not &quot;inspired&quot; if one draws an infidel picture of someone&#039;s thought in order to show that it leads nowhere.

Therefore I think you&#039;re wrong in saying that Hallwards method is brilliant or that it is same as Deleuze&#039;s - taken that your representation of Hallward&#039;s book is correct. If one is going to criticize someone, then a correct interpretation, as objective and fidel to the criticized author as possible, is needed. When a one-sided, inaccurate version of someone else&#039;s thought is used to criticize the original thinker, it is called a caricature, or a straw man. One should always at least have some reservations, for an academic manner for no other reason (and your text gives a picture that Hallward hasn&#039;t taken even those reservations that Deleuze himself has most stressed).

It isn&#039;t the same strategy that Deleuze used. Deleuze used what he found useful, took concepts he found useful to express his thought. That is, at best (as it is with Deleuze), brilliant, because it can create wonderful new thought. But it is not at all the same if one misrepresents someone else&#039;s thought to unjustly &quot;refute&quot; it. It doesn&#039;t serve as a inspired reading, because it doesn&#039;t create anything, it isn&#039;t inspired. It doesn&#039;t serve as a critique either, because it doesn&#039;t hit the claimed target and the target and it is useless to criticize enemies that don&#039;t exist but as projections of one&#039;s own imagination. There&#039;s nothing brilliant about fighting a straw man. And it is not a good academic manner either.

I repeat that I haven&#039;t read this book. I only say, that using a negative version of the method Deleuze uses means changing the method all together and is not brilliant at all.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi. Good text. I disagree on one thing though. I&#8217;m not going to say anything about Hallward&#8217;s book, not directly, since I haven&#8217;t read it. Nor am I willing to discuss your lecture of Deleuze. Rather, I notice a problem that is internal to your own treatment of the book, namely the way you describe Hallward&#8217;s method.</p>
<p>I quote you directly, to keep it clear:</p>
<p>&#8220;In a certain sense, Hallward takes Deleuze’s own methodology and turns it against him. [...] A creation of new concepts means that we see the world in a new way, one that wasn’t available to us before. This is what Deleuze looks for in the history of philosophy, and this is why (and how) he is concerned, not with what a given text “really” means, but rather with what can be done with it, how it can be used, what other problems and other texts it can be brought into conjunction with. Deleuze writes about philosophers whose ideas he can use, or transform, in order to work through the problems he is interested in.<br />
 [...]<br />
Hallward brilliantly systematizes Deleuze, extracts a consistency (as Deleuze says a reading of a thinker aways should) from Deleuze’s words and ideas, and shows us what new concepts Deleuze created. But whereas Deleuze takes up this approach in order to make past philosophers useful, and to shed light on Deleuze’s own problems, Hallward does it in order to render Deleuze useless, to deny that Deleuze is at all relevant to discussions of materiality, of subjectivity, of affectivity, and of political change, to dismiss Deleuze’s importance for any of the problems Hallward himself is interested in.<br />
[...]<br />
Hallward works by means of omission and selection, reducing Deleuze to just one aspect of his thought, and acting as if the rest didn’t exist at all. Again, I stress that this is Deleuze’s own method of proceeding; the question is not one of representing Deleuze “accurately,” but of the ends to which Hallward’s selective transformation of Deleuze is put. Hallward seeks to present Deleuze as entirely a philosopher of the virtual, one who seeks merely to escape and to destroy the actual.&#8221;</p>
<p>Ok, a lengthy citation, but of your own text, so it should be clear without intensive reading, to you at least, what I&#8217;m talking about. The point is, that you say: 1. Hallward uses Deleuze&#8217;s method of reading philosophers to Deleuze;2. Deleuze&#8217;s method is to, regardless of what the read philosophers might have originally thought,  draw from their texts some concepts that were interesting for him and reproduce them as philosophers of these concepts; 3. but Hallward uses this method in order to say why Deleuze isn&#8217;t interesting at all.</p>
<p>What we&#8217;re talking about here are the methods of interpreting, representing and reading other people&#8217;s texts. The method in use here we can call &#8220;inspired interpretation&#8221;, by which I mean that the interpreter doesn&#8217;t aim to give us a &#8220;correct reading&#8221; of the author he reads, nor is he telling us anything about the author, but rather drawing inspiration from the author&#8217;s work, writing then about what he has understood by using this author.  </p>
<p>I agree that this is a valid method. One can make an one-sided and &#8220;incorrect&#8221; interpretation of someone, in condition that one doesn&#8217;t claim it to be a fidel reading of the author&#8217;s thoughts and that he doesn&#8217;t claim the ideas he presents to be those of the author he reads, but rather his own inspired version of this thought, as if the author was his mental guide and he had found new thought with his aid. So that Deleuze doesn&#8217;t claim to repeat the philosophy of Kant or Nietzsche, but to create a philosophical thinking in their names. It is of huge importance that the reading must always be a positive one. It is not &#8220;inspired&#8221; if one draws an infidel picture of someone&#8217;s thought in order to show that it leads nowhere.</p>
<p>Therefore I think you&#8217;re wrong in saying that Hallwards method is brilliant or that it is same as Deleuze&#8217;s &#8211; taken that your representation of Hallward&#8217;s book is correct. If one is going to criticize someone, then a correct interpretation, as objective and fidel to the criticized author as possible, is needed. When a one-sided, inaccurate version of someone else&#8217;s thought is used to criticize the original thinker, it is called a caricature, or a straw man. One should always at least have some reservations, for an academic manner for no other reason (and your text gives a picture that Hallward hasn&#8217;t taken even those reservations that Deleuze himself has most stressed).</p>
<p>It isn&#8217;t the same strategy that Deleuze used. Deleuze used what he found useful, took concepts he found useful to express his thought. That is, at best (as it is with Deleuze), brilliant, because it can create wonderful new thought. But it is not at all the same if one misrepresents someone else&#8217;s thought to unjustly &#8220;refute&#8221; it. It doesn&#8217;t serve as a inspired reading, because it doesn&#8217;t create anything, it isn&#8217;t inspired. It doesn&#8217;t serve as a critique either, because it doesn&#8217;t hit the claimed target and the target and it is useless to criticize enemies that don&#8217;t exist but as projections of one&#8217;s own imagination. There&#8217;s nothing brilliant about fighting a straw man. And it is not a good academic manner either.</p>
<p>I repeat that I haven&#8217;t read this book. I only say, that using a negative version of the method Deleuze uses means changing the method all together and is not brilliant at all.</p>
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		<title>By: Jajuna &#187; Blog Archive &#187; My Comments to Paul&#8217;s Commonwealth Part 2 Notes</title>
		<link>http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567&#038;cpage=1#comment-49250</link>
		<dc:creator>Jajuna &#187; Blog Archive &#187; My Comments to Paul&#8217;s Commonwealth Part 2 Notes</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jan 2010 23:51:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567#comment-49250</guid>
		<description>[...] expel Deleuze from contemporary social and political thought (check out this brilliant analysis by Steven Shaviro of Peter Hallward’s recent assassination [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] expel Deleuze from contemporary social and political thought (check out this brilliant analysis by Steven Shaviro of Peter Hallward’s recent assassination [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Rob L</title>
		<link>http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567&#038;cpage=1#comment-40990</link>
		<dc:creator>Rob L</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Nov 2007 16:06:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567#comment-40990</guid>
		<description>There&#039;s an upcoming conference at Cornell --&quot;The Substance of Though: Critical and Pre-Critical&quot; (April 10-12, 2008)-- that should address some of these issues.

Here&#039;s a link in case anyone is interested:

http://www.arts.cornell.edu/trg/conf2008.html</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There&#8217;s an upcoming conference at Cornell &#8211;&#8221;The Substance of Though: Critical and Pre-Critical&#8221; (April 10-12, 2008)&#8211; that should address some of these issues.</p>
<p>Here&#8217;s a link in case anyone is interested:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.arts.cornell.edu/trg/conf2008.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.arts.cornell.edu/trg/conf2008.html</a></p>
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		<title>By: shathley Q</title>
		<link>http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567&#038;cpage=1#comment-39459</link>
		<dc:creator>shathley Q</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Apr 2007 17:52:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567#comment-39459</guid>
		<description>&#039;the nearly universal shibboleth of current academic and theoretical discourse...&#039; it&#039;s a beautiful phrase. reminds me of something Grant Morrison wrote in THE INVISIBLE KINGDOM, &#039;...remember they&#039;re just the parts we left outside while building a house called &quot;me&quot;.&#039;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8216;the nearly universal shibboleth of current academic and theoretical discourse&#8230;&#8217; it&#8217;s a beautiful phrase. reminds me of something Grant Morrison wrote in THE INVISIBLE KINGDOM, &#8216;&#8230;remember they&#8217;re just the parts we left outside while building a house called &#8220;me&#8221;.&#8217;</p>
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		<title>By: Jason Read</title>
		<link>http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567&#038;cpage=1#comment-38605</link>
		<dc:creator>Jason Read</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Mar 2007 12:58:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567#comment-38605</guid>
		<description>Great review. Your point about politics and aesthetics is very interesting. I too found Hallward&#039;s book to both engaging, because of its clarity and focus, and yet deeply flawed. I tried to work out my ambivalence in a review that is available here:
http://www.metamute.org/en/Creation-and-Interest</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Great review. Your point about politics and aesthetics is very interesting. I too found Hallward&#8217;s book to both engaging, because of its clarity and focus, and yet deeply flawed. I tried to work out my ambivalence in a review that is available here:<br />
<a href="http://www.metamute.org/en/Creation-and-Interest" rel="nofollow">http://www.metamute.org/en/Creation-and-Interest</a></p>
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		<title>By: Carl Warnick</title>
		<link>http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567&#038;cpage=1#comment-38529</link>
		<dc:creator>Carl Warnick</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Mar 2007 23:25:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567#comment-38529</guid>
		<description>Now I finally start grasping what Jeremy Gilbert-Rolfe was on about when he would say &quot;Not enough artists are using Deleuzian strategies to break free&quot;. I could feel the usefulness; but articulation is another matter entirely. Thank you.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Now I finally start grasping what Jeremy Gilbert-Rolfe was on about when he would say &#8220;Not enough artists are using Deleuzian strategies to break free&#8221;. I could feel the usefulness; but articulation is another matter entirely. Thank you.</p>
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		<title>By: Roger Whitson</title>
		<link>http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567&#038;cpage=1#comment-38460</link>
		<dc:creator>Roger Whitson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 18 Mar 2007 16:45:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567#comment-38460</guid>
		<description>yeah...hmmm...I think another figure that is important here is Jacques Ranciere.  There&#039;s a great section on him in this month&#039;s Artforum...and while he is against the aestheticization of politics, he also thinks about the political in a very similar &#039;spirit&#039; as Deleuze and Guattari.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>yeah&#8230;hmmm&#8230;I think another figure that is important here is Jacques Ranciere.  There&#8217;s a great section on him in this month&#8217;s Artforum&#8230;and while he is against the aestheticization of politics, he also thinks about the political in a very similar &#8216;spirit&#8217; as Deleuze and Guattari.</p>
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		<title>By: Ecko</title>
		<link>http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567&#038;cpage=1#comment-38444</link>
		<dc:creator>Ecko</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 18 Mar 2007 00:05:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567#comment-38444</guid>
		<description>To breed an animal with the right to make promises – is not this the paradoxical task that nature has set itself in the case of man? Is it not the real problem regarding man?
Nietzsche

In the land of Oz at the moment, there is an ongoing debate over the teaching of History in school.  The Prime Minister has announced his desire for a narrative structure in History, disparaging all these “postmodern” and critical points of view which he claims has paralysed any coherent notion as to what constitutes being an Australian for future generations.
This argument has been echoed by some academics and a national newspaper has even laid the cause for the demise of Australian literature as a postgraduate field of study, squarely at the feet of these “postmodernists.”  In Australia there is only one university that teaches Australian literature at a postgraduate level.  

The neo-conservative position in Australia doesn’t sound too far removed from what you describe of Hallward’s take on Deleuze or Spivak’s critique of Deleuze in A Critique of Postcolonial Reason.   Remembering Benjamin’s definition for fascism, the proposed citizenship examination for this country – to cite one example - tests Australian values to such an extent, that many Australians would fail it (who was the first prime minister of Australia?).

It seems to me, in itself, the ongoing academic debate – that isn’t all academic but also political – concerning the future teaching of Deleuze and Derrida (to pull two names out of the “postmodern” hat) exemplifies your contention with Hallward on the notions of the political and the aesthetic.  As you rightly point out, the difference is irreducible and we get no further in thinking the differentiation if we merely “shelve” writers into one box or the other – as Hallward (and Spivak) seems to want to do with Deleuze.  

The play on the difference between the aestheticisation of politics (the Australian government spent more on advertising last year than it did on the environment) and the politicisation of aesthetics (the Attorney-General’s office banning books that “incite terrorism”), is a crucial focus of Deleuze’s work – creating a memory (a becoming) for a people (that do not yet exist) in the critical experience of the cogito.  

Thanks for revitalising my attention to this aspect of Deleuze’s work in a time in the Land of Oz when these ideas are under attack.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>To breed an animal with the right to make promises – is not this the paradoxical task that nature has set itself in the case of man? Is it not the real problem regarding man?<br />
Nietzsche</p>
<p>In the land of Oz at the moment, there is an ongoing debate over the teaching of History in school.  The Prime Minister has announced his desire for a narrative structure in History, disparaging all these “postmodern” and critical points of view which he claims has paralysed any coherent notion as to what constitutes being an Australian for future generations.<br />
This argument has been echoed by some academics and a national newspaper has even laid the cause for the demise of Australian literature as a postgraduate field of study, squarely at the feet of these “postmodernists.”  In Australia there is only one university that teaches Australian literature at a postgraduate level.  </p>
<p>The neo-conservative position in Australia doesn’t sound too far removed from what you describe of Hallward’s take on Deleuze or Spivak’s critique of Deleuze in A Critique of Postcolonial Reason.   Remembering Benjamin’s definition for fascism, the proposed citizenship examination for this country – to cite one example &#8211; tests Australian values to such an extent, that many Australians would fail it (who was the first prime minister of Australia?).</p>
<p>It seems to me, in itself, the ongoing academic debate – that isn’t all academic but also political – concerning the future teaching of Deleuze and Derrida (to pull two names out of the “postmodern” hat) exemplifies your contention with Hallward on the notions of the political and the aesthetic.  As you rightly point out, the difference is irreducible and we get no further in thinking the differentiation if we merely “shelve” writers into one box or the other – as Hallward (and Spivak) seems to want to do with Deleuze.  </p>
<p>The play on the difference between the aestheticisation of politics (the Australian government spent more on advertising last year than it did on the environment) and the politicisation of aesthetics (the Attorney-General’s office banning books that “incite terrorism”), is a crucial focus of Deleuze’s work – creating a memory (a becoming) for a people (that do not yet exist) in the critical experience of the cogito.  </p>
<p>Thanks for revitalising my attention to this aspect of Deleuze’s work in a time in the Land of Oz when these ideas are under attack.</p>
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		<title>By: Ken</title>
		<link>http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567&#038;cpage=1#comment-38304</link>
		<dc:creator>Ken</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Mar 2007 13:47:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567#comment-38304</guid>
		<description>Great review. I love to read Hallward for his clarity. On the last paragraph:  I am always somewhat confused about why critical theory speak -- in attempting to jettison/deal with the issue of the other/ethical --is reluctant to return to Derrida&#039;s initial critique of Levinas in Violence and Metaphysics, a critique that -- however strangely -- Badiou actually mimics?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Great review. I love to read Hallward for his clarity. On the last paragraph:  I am always somewhat confused about why critical theory speak &#8212; in attempting to jettison/deal with the issue of the other/ethical &#8211;is reluctant to return to Derrida&#8217;s initial critique of Levinas in Violence and Metaphysics, a critique that &#8212; however strangely &#8212; Badiou actually mimics?</p>
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		<title>By: doktor Norge</title>
		<link>http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567&#038;cpage=1#comment-38299</link>
		<dc:creator>doktor Norge</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Mar 2007 19:24:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=567#comment-38299</guid>
		<description>this, I think,is so true. i&#039;ve been trying for the last week to write (in my MA which must be finished by May...) how this &quot;forced to feel&quot; is a condition for creative action, by using Blanchot and how the event in logic of sense is problematic, so that the primary tension, when it comes to &quot;creativity&quot;, is between some kind of preliminary action (which is typically &quot;sedentary distributed&quot;) and the event as a problem which paralyses (or with Blanchot&#039;s words, fascinate) these first actions.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>this, I think,is so true. i&#8217;ve been trying for the last week to write (in my MA which must be finished by May&#8230;) how this &#8220;forced to feel&#8221; is a condition for creative action, by using Blanchot and how the event in logic of sense is problematic, so that the primary tension, when it comes to &#8220;creativity&#8221;, is between some kind of preliminary action (which is typically &#8220;sedentary distributed&#8221;) and the event as a problem which paralyses (or with Blanchot&#8217;s words, fascinate) these first actions.</p>
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